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(No Model.) .3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

W. G. 8v A. W. BILLINGS.

, ROTARY ENGINE. No. 447,535. Patented Mar. 3, 1891.

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ROTARY ENGINE. No. 447,535. Patented Mar. 3, 1891.

(No Model.)

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W. G. 8v' A. W. BILLINGS.

ROTARY ENGINE. No. 447,535. Patented Mar. 3,1891.

ATTORNEY 'lJNrTnn STATES PATENT Ormea- TILLIAM G. BILLINGS AND AVERY XV. BILLINGS, OF LARNED, KANSAS, AS- SIGNORS OF ONE-THIRD TO ARTHUR T. BILLINGS, OF SAME PLACE.

ROTARY ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 447,535, dated March S, 1891.

Application tiled J une 23, 1890. Serial No. 356,325. (No model.)

T0 @ZZ whom it may concern; 10 and 11 designate the shaft-bearings, hav- Be itknown that We, VILLIAM G. BILLINGS ing their outer bearing-surfaces formed like and AVERY W. BILLINGs, citizens of the a cone to lit in the sleeves 12 and 13, formed 55 United States, residing at Larned, county of integral and concentric with the covers 8 5 Pawnee, and State of Kansas, have invented and 9.

new and useful Improvements in RotaryEn- 14 and 15 designate the adj Listing-caps of gines, of which the followingis a specification. the said bearings, adj ustably secured to the This invention relates to that class of rosleeves 12 and 13 by the studs 1G. 6o

tary engines in which the main driving-shaft 17 designates the radial blades or pistons 1o receives its rotative motion by means of raprovided with the lugs or wings 17L and 17", dial and opposing blades or pistons which reone of which is removably secured to the ceive the force of the fluid alternately on one blades 17 (as 17h) by any suitable device, as of their surfaces. the countersunk screw 17C, for the purpose of 65 The object of the invention is to provide permitting the blade to be introduced into i 5 means whereby the leakage of the drivingthe cylinder when the shaft 7, with its bladefluid between the wearing-surfaces and guidecarrier 18, is in position. ways of the blades will be obviated; also to The blade or piston-carrier 18, secured provide large Wearing-guideways for the firmly to the shaft 7 by a key or other suit- 7o blades. These objects we attain by the mechable device, is provided with the guideways zo anism illustrated in the accompanying draw- 19, wherein the blades 17 slide and lit neatly. ings, in which- To the ends of the carrier 18 are removably Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevasecured the disks 20, on the inside faces of tion of the engine. Fig. 2 is an end sectional which are also formed the guideways 21, 75 elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a longitudiwherein the ends or lugs 17 and 17b of the z 5 nal elevation of the blade or piston, partly in blades 17 slide and neatly fit. Y

' section, and showing the method of jointing XVe provide the abutting strip 22 to bear on and securing the end orlugof theblade. Fig. the top of the blade-carrier 18, neatly fitting 4C is a part plan of the blade, showing the the longitudinal groove 23, formedin the cyl- 8o tongue-and-groovejoint. Fig.5is an end secinder-shell 1,for the purpose of preventing 3o tional elevation of the blade. Fig. Gis an end loss of pressure of the steam or fluid due to elevation of the engine, showing the eccentric leakage between the said blade-carrier and and valve mechanism.' Fig. 7 is a detail lonthe inner top surface of the shell 1. XVe also gitudinal section of the steam-chest and its provide the backing 24 (of hemp, asbestus, or 8 5 valve. Fig. 8 is an enlarged section of the other suitable material) as an auxiliary pack- 35v packing-rings and their groove. Fig. 9 is a ing, and adjust the compactness of the same front elevation of said rings, showing the by means of set-screws 25,bearing on the backjoint of the outer expanding ring; and Fig. ing-strip 26. 10 is a side view of the expanding ring, also It will be observed that the centers of the 9o showing the joint. opposite halves of the steam-cylinder shell 4o Similar numbers andletters refer to simicircles are slightly spread apart, as at c and lar parts throughout the several views, in d, (see Fig. 2,) for the purpose of exposing a whichgreater surface of the blade 17 to the action 1 designates the main cylinder-shell. 2 is of the steam during the period of the first 95 its base, and 3 and 1 are its enlarged ends, half of its revolution. 45 having the flanges 5 and 6, all integral with On the ends of the cylinder-shell 1 and conthe shell. centric therewith are formed the annularl 7 designates the main shaft, havingits axis grooves 27, in which are fitted the wedge-sec of rotation parallel with and above or eccentioned packing-rings 28, against which the roo tric with the axis of the cylinder-shell 1, but inner surfaces of the flanges or disks 2O bear V5o is concentric with the enlarged ends of the to form a steam-tight joint. cylinder ends, and consequently coincides It is evident that the packing-rings, owing with the axes of the covers 8 and 9. to their elasticity, tend to expand outwardly and to bear against the outer wall ot' the groove :27, while the inner ring is preforably formed in one solid piece and ot an interior diameter greater than the diameter of the inner wall ot the groove 27 and an exterior diameter equal to the diameter of the outer wall of said groove, thereby leaving a very small space between said ring and said inner wall of the groove through which the steam passes to the back of said rings to press them outwardly and to expand them by reason of their wedge-shaped sections.

29 designates the steam passage or port formed integral with the shell on the face 29, on which is secured the steam-chest 30 by the bolts 31, and 31 is its steam-supply pipe.

il; designates the pistoli-oscillating valve, closely fitting and adapted to oscillate in the chest 30, and provided with the inductionports 32 and 32".

33 designates the valve-stem, and 231 is the valve-stem sleeve secured to the said steamchest and provided with the threaded gland 35.

36 designates the eccentric secured to the shaft 7 by a key or other suitable device.

37 is the eccentric-strap, and 38 is its rod, adj ustably secured to the said strap at one end, and has its other end pivoted to the end of the valve-lever 39 by the pin 40, removably secured thereto.

The operation of the machine is as follows: To start the engine the steam or Huid under pressure is admitted into the steam-chest through the pipe 3 1n in the usual way and passes alternately through the ports 32 and 32", formed in the valve 32, into and through the steam-passage 29, to and into the steamchamber St and pressing against the radial blades 17 alternately, and rotating the shaft in the direction ot the arrow a t-ill the blade arrives at its bottom vertical position, at or about which position the steam is cut olie, the port 32 of the valve having been rotated till it no longer coincides with the opening or port 20. The bottom blade, being acted upon by the expansive force of the steam continues to revolve, thus carrying its opposite upper blade into the position 17, as shown in dotted lilies, (see Fig. 2,) at which position the valve-port Sb is opened to again admit steam to the chamber St and rotate the blade, at the same time assisting its opposite blade (which is at this part of its revolution resisting the pressure due to the expansion of the steam) to complete the revolution. The blades on arriving at the top opening or port 41 permit the used steam to freely escape to the atmosphere. The eccentric 35, secured to the shaft 7 and rotating therewith, oscillates or partially rotates the valve 32 in the usual well-known way, thus alternately opening and closing the communication between the valve-ports 32 and 32b and the steam-passage 29. The point of revolution at which the ports open and close is determined, when a iixed eccentric is employed, by the common and well-known rules for setting the eccentric on the ordinary slide-valve engine, and needs no description. Then it is desirable to construct the engine with an automatic and a variable cut-off, any suitable governor4 may be applied to the engine to manipulate the valve, either directly -or by varying the throw of the eccentric operating the valve, in which latter case the eccentric must be adjustably and movably secured to the driving-shaft 7, as in the usual shaft-governor.

The location ot' the exhaust-portil is of great importance and must be at or about the top of the exhaust side of the cylinder. lf the steam is exhausted at too early a stage of the revolution of the blade 17, equilibrium between the exhaust and the steam sides of the cylinders separated by the blade 17 would be destroyed and excessive pressure would be produced on the shaft-bearings, thereby pressing out the lubricant and producing excessive friction, which would soon be so great as to overcome the resistance of the steam on the blades and stop the engine.

Having thus fully described the construction and operation of our invention, what we claim as new and useful, and desire to cover by Let-ters Patent, is-- l. In a rotary engine, the combination, with the elliptically-formed steam-cylinder and a shaft having its axis located above the axes ot' the said cylinder, of the shaft., adjustable conical sleeve-bearings and their supportingsleeves, a suitable piston-carrier, the pistoncarrier disks, the radial pistons having the outwardly-extending wings 17 said wings overlapping and contact-ing with the annular duplex wedge-shaped steam packing-rings, said rings so arranged as to expand radially and outwardly by the steam-pressure and resting in grooves concentric with the steam-cylinder, and means for supplying and exhausting' the steam to and from said cylinder, substantially as described.

2. In a rotary engine, the combination of the cylinder 1, the shaft 7, the adjustable journals, as 10 and 11, and means for securing and supporting the same, the packingrings 28, the disks 20, the blade-carrier 1S and its wings 17 17h, overlapping the ends of said cylinder and packing-rings, the exhaust-port al, and balanced valve 32 and its peripheral ports 3:2, all combined and arranged substantially as described.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

VM. G. BILLINGS. AVERY W. BILLINGS.

Vitnesses:

JOHN R. BASIGER, A. T. BILLINGs.

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